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SICILIAN COLD PRESSED  LEMON OIL

 

Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan. they examined the anti-stress action of the essential oils of lavender, rose, and lemon using an elevated plus-maze task (EPM), a forced swimming task (FST), and an open field task (OFT) in mice. Lemon oil had the strongest anti-stress effect in all three behavioral tasks. We further investigated a regulatory mechanism of the lemon oil by pre-treatments with agonists or antagonists to benzodiazepine, 5-HT, DA, and adrenaline receptors by the EPM and the FST. The anti-stress effect of lemon oil was significantly blocked by pre-treatment with frumazenil, benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, or apomorphine, a nonselective DA receptor agonist. In contrast, agonists or antagonists to the 5-HT receptor and the alpha-2 adrenaline receptor did not affect the anti-stress effect of lemon oil. Buspirone, DOI, and mianserine blocked the antidepressant-like effect of lemon oil in the FST, but WAY100,635 did not. These findings suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of lemon oil is closely related with the 5-HTnergic pathway, especially via 5-HT(1A) receptor. Moreover, the lemon oil significantly accelerated the metabolic turnover of DA in the hippocampus and of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. These results suggest that lemon oil possesses anxiolytic, antidepressant-like effects via the suppression of DA activity related to enhanced 5-HTnergic neurons. 

Komiya M, Takeuchi T, Harada E.

 

O'Biola Product Specifications

For information and prices please contact: Giuseppe Mascarella

 

Botanical source:         Citrus Limon (L) Burm. f.

Appearance:                   Liquid

Colour:                           Pale to deep yellow or greenish yellow

Odour:                            Characteristic of the outer part of fresh lemon peel.

 

 

Physico-chemical properties:

 

Specific gravity at 15/15°C:                      0,8560 - 0,8570

Optical rotation at 20°C:                                +57° to +65°

Refractive index at 20°C:                                1,4740 - 1,4755

Aldehyde Content, as Citral %:                     3,0 - 4,0

Evaporation residue %:                                   1,8 - 3,6

Boiling point (°C):                                            175

Vapor pressure (mm.Hg) at 20°C:                  near to 2

Vapor Density (compared to air = 1) (msds)     0,012

Solubility in water:                                           negligible

Volatile by volume %:                                      75

Evaporation rate (msds):                                 1

Solubility in alcohol 90°:                                to 7 vol.

 

Flash point (°C) (method Pensky-Martens) :49°     

 

Information on toxicity: LD50 oral 5g/kg. IFRA recommends for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, to limit lemon oil to 10% in the compound.

 

Regulation

 

Harmonised number:                                                           3301.1310

FEMA number:                                                                     2625 (GRAS)

FDA number                                                                         182.20 (GRAS - natural

                                                                                                flavor extractive)

 

Transport section

ICAO/IATA:              class 3, packing group III.   UN no. 1993

IMDG:                        3036-1, class 3.3                  UN no. 1993

RID/ADR:                  class 3 item 31 c - RID n.301                                

ADR rn n.2301